South Korean President Moon Jae-in urged North Korea to take bolder disarmament measures that the United States should then reward, suggesting Thursday he wants harsh sanctions lifted so Seoul can eventually restart dormant economic cooperation projects with its neighbor.
Moon said resolving the issue of the North Korea sanctions hinges on how fast Pyongyang denuclearizes and whether it receives reciprocal measures from the United States. He said that would top the agenda in an expected second summit between North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and U.S. President Donald Trump.
“North Korea knows it needs [to take] clear denuclearization steps to see international sanctions lifted and the United States also realizes that reciprocal measures are needed to match these North Korean denuclearization steps,” Moon told a news conference.
Some observers believe that any sanctions relief, if pursued before Washington is ready, could weaken South Korea’s ties with its ally and complicate efforts to rid the North of its nuclear weapons. Others see the comments by Moon, a liberal who covets deep engagement with Pyongyang, as simply a symbolic bit of conciliation toward North Korea.
Moon spoke only days after Kim used a New Year’s address to say he was ready to resume two major stalled inter-Korean projects. Kim also said he’ll be compelled to take a different path if the United States keeps pressing for unilateral sanctions as well as maintaining broader U.N. sanctions.
The two projects are South Korean tours to the North’s scenic Mount Kumgang and a jointly run factory complex in the North Korean border town of Kaesong. They were suspended in the past decade along with other similar projects amid the nuclear standoff. The two projects were considered key sources of badly needed foreign currency for the impoverished North.
“My administration will cooperate with the international community, including the United States, to resolve the remaining issues such as international sanctions as soon as possible” to get the two projects restarted, Moon said at the news conference.
Moon, who took office in 2017, has shuttled between North Korea and the United States to facilitate high-profile diplomacy that included the first Kim-Trump summit in Singapore last June. Moon’s overture, however, has invited criticism from conservatives in South Korea and the United States that he’s making too many concessions and helping the North try to weaken U.S.-led sanctions.
Trump has maintained that sanctions on North Korea will stay in place until it completely abandons its nuclear program.
As Moon spoke Thursday, Kim was heading back to Pyongyang after a two-day trip to his country’s only major ally, China, that included a summit with President Xi Jinping. Chinese state media reported that Kim told Xi that he’s committed to setting up a second summit with Trump to “achieve results” on the nuclear issue.
“In a word, Chairman Kim Jong Un’s visit to China is an indication that the second North Korea-U.S. summit is drawing near,” Moon said.
Little headway has been made since the Singapore summit, which ended with the North making a vaguely worded promise to work toward the “complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.” Moon on Thursday described the agreements North Korea and the United States reached in Singapore as a “bit abstract.”
The North has previously called for the removal of 28,500 U.S. troops in South Korea as a precondition for its denuclearization. Its Foreign Ministry said in a statement in December that it would never unilaterally give up its nuclear weapons unless the United States first removes what it calls an American nuclear threat. The statement further raised questions about whether the country is truly committed to denuclearization – or least the U.S. definition of that term. As Ankit Panda put it in an analysis for The Diplomat, “North Korea has been consistent on the point that denuclearization can never mean its unilateral nuclear capitulation.”
Moon, who met Kim three times last year, reiterated his previous stance that Kim won’t link denuclearization to the U.S. military presence in South Korea. Moon also said Thursday that Kim told him that the denuclearization steps he was talking about were not different from what the international community wants.
By Hyung-jin Kim for Associated Press with additional reporting by The Diplomat.